Perimeter and area
Perimeter and area formulas for various quadrilateral shapes are given below:
Perimeter is sum of the lengths of the enclosing sides of a figure.
Area is the amount of plane region enclosed by the sides of the figure.
1. Perimeter and area of a parallelogram
In a parallelogram, opposite sides are equal in length. Therefore,
Perimeter of the parallelogram ABCD = AB + BC + CD + AD = 2AB + 2BC
Area of a parallelogram = base × height = b × h
2. Perimeter and area of a rhombus
In a rhombus, all four sides are equal in length. Therefore,
Perimeter of a rhombus ABCD = 4a, where a is length of each side
Area of a rhombus = ½ × (product of diagonals)
3. Perimeter and area of a rectangle
In a rectangle, opposite sides are equal in length.
One side is called length, usually the longer, and the other is called breadth, the shorter side.
If l denotes length and b, the breadth, then
Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(l + b), and
Area of rectangle = l × b
4. Perimeter and area of a square
In a square, all four sides are equal in length.
If each side is of length a, then
Perimeter of square = 4a, and
Area of square = a2
5. Perimeter and area of a trapezoid
In a trapezoid, one pair of sides is parallel to each other. The other two sides may be equal in length, in which case the quadrilateral is called isosceles trapezoid, or else they may be unequal in length.
Perimeter of a trapezoid = sum of the four sides.
In the trapezoid, AE is the distance between the parallel sides AB and CD, So,
Area of a trapezoid =
½ × (sum of the parallel sides) × (distance between the parallel sides)
Perimeter and area Formulas for various plane figures
